火爆全网的条形竞赛图,Python轻松实现

语言: CN / TW / HK

这个动图叫条形竞赛图,非常适合制作随时间变动的数据。

我已经用streamlit+bar_chart_race实现了,然后白嫖了heroku的服务器,大家通过下面的网址上传csv格式的表格就可以轻松制作条形竞赛图,生成的视频可以保存本地。

http://bar-chart-race-app.herokuapp.com/

本文我将实现过程介绍一下,白嫖服务器+部署留在下期再讲。

纯matplotlib实现

注:以下所有实现方式都需要提前安装ffmpeg,安装方式我之前在决策树可视化一文中有介绍

matplotlib实现bar-chart-race很简单,直接上代码 ``` import pandas as pd import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import matplotlib.ticker as ticker import matplotlib.animation as animation from IPython.display import HTML url = 'http://gist.githubusercontent.com/johnburnmurdoch/4199dbe55095c3e13de8d5b2e5e5307a/raw/fa018b25c24b7b5f47fd0568937ff6c04e384786/city_populations' df = pd.read_csv(url, usecols=['name', 'group', 'year', 'value']) colors = dict(zip( ["India", "Europe", "Asia", "Latin America", "Middle East", "North America", "Africa"], ["#adb0ff", "#ffb3ff", "#90d595", "#e48381", "#aafbff", "#f7bb5f", "#eafb50"] )) group_lk = df.set_index('name')['group'].to_dict() fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(15, 8))

def draw_barchart(current_year): dff = df[df['year'].eq(current_year)].sort_values(by='value', ascending=True).tail(10) ax.clear() ax.barh(dff['name'], dff['value'], color=[colors[group_lk[x]] for x in dff['name']]) dx = dff['value'].max() / 200 for i, (value, name) in enumerate(zip(dff['value'], dff['name'])): ax.text(value-dx, i, name, size=14, weight=600, ha='right', va='bottom') ax.text(value-dx, i-.25, group_lk[name], size=10, color='#444444', ha='right', va='baseline') ax.text(value+dx, i, f'{value:,.0f}', size=14, ha='left', va='center') ax.text(1, 0.4, current_year, transform=ax.transAxes, color='#777777', size=46, ha='right', weight=800) ax.text(0, 1.06, 'Population (thousands)', transform=ax.transAxes, size=12, color='#777777') ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(ticker.StrMethodFormatter('{x:,.0f}')) ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('top') ax.tick_params(axis='x', colors='#777777', labelsize=12) ax.set_yticks([]) ax.margins(0, 0.01) ax.grid(which='major', axis='x', linestyle='-') ax.set_axisbelow(True) ax.text(0, 1.15, 'The most populous cities in the world from 1500 to 2018', transform=ax.transAxes, size=24, weight=600, ha='left', va='top') ax.text(1, 0, 'by @pratapvardhan; credit @jburnmurdoch', transform=ax.transAxes, color='#777777', ha='right', bbox=dict(facecolor='white', alpha=0.8, edgecolor='white')) plt.box(False)

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(15, 8)) animator = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, draw_barchart, frames=range(1900, 2019)) HTML(animator.to_jshtml()) ```

核心是定义draw_barchart函数绘制当前图表的样式,然后用animation.FuncAnimation重复调用draw_barchart来制作动画,最后用animator.to_html5_video()animator.save()保存GIF/视频。

xkcd手绘风格

我们也可以用matplotlib.pyplot.xkcd函数绘制XKCD风格的图表,方法也很简单,只需把上面的代码最后一段加上一行 with plt.xkcd(): fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(15, 8)) animator = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, draw_barchart, frames=range(1900, 2019)) HTML(animator.to_jshtml())

bar_chart_race库极简实现

如果嫌麻烦,还可以使用一个库「Bar Chart Race」,堪称Python界最强的动态可视化包。

GitHub地址:http://github.com/dexplo/bar_chart_race

目前主要有0.1和0.2两个版本,0.2版本添加动态曲线图以及Plotly实现的动态条形图。

通过pip install bar_chart_race也只能到0.1版本,因此需要从GitHub上下载下来,再进行安装。 git clone http://github.com/dexplo/bar_chart_race 使用起来就是极简了,三行代码即可实现 ``` import bar_chart_race as bcr

获取数据

df = bcr.load_dataset('covid19_tutorial')

生成GIF图像

bcr.bar_chart_race(df, 'covid19_horiz.gif') ```

实际上bar_chart_race还有很多参数可以输出不同形态的gif

bcr.bar_chart_race( df=df, filename='covid19_horiz.mp4', orientation='h', sort='desc', n_bars=6, fixed_order=False, fixed_max=True, steps_per_period=10, interpolate_period=False, label_bars=True, bar_size=.95, period_label={'x': .99, 'y': .25, 'ha': 'right', 'va': 'center'}, period_fmt='%B %d, %Y', period_summary_func=lambda v, r: {'x': .99, 'y': .18, 's': f'Total deaths: {v.nlargest(6).sum():,.0f}', 'ha': 'right', 'size': 8, 'family': 'Courier New'}, perpendicular_bar_func='median', period_length=500, figsize=(5, 3), dpi=144, cmap='dark12', title='COVID-19 Deaths by Country', title_size='', bar_label_size=7, tick_label_size=7, shared_fontdict={'family' : 'Helvetica', 'color' : '.1'}, scale='linear', writer=None, fig=None, bar_kwargs={'alpha': .7}, filter_column_colors=False)

比如以下几种

更详细的用法大家可以查阅官方文档

地址:http://www.dexplo.org/bar_chart_race/

streamlit+bar_chart_race

streamlit是我最近特别喜欢玩的一个机器学习应用开发框架,它能帮你不用懂得复杂的HTML,CSS等前端技术就能快速做出来一个炫酷的Web APP。

我之前开发的决策树挑西瓜就是使用了streamlit

下面是streamlit+bar_chart_race整体结构

核心是app.py,代码如下:

``` from bar_chart_race import bar_chart_race as bcr import pandas as pd import streamlit as st import streamlit.components.v1 as components

st.title('Bar Chart Race', anchor=None) uploaded_file = st.file_uploader("", type="csv")

if uploaded_file is not None: df = pd.read_csv(uploaded_file,sep=',', encoding='gbk') df = df.set_index("date") st.write(df.head(6)) bcr_html = bcr.bar_chart_race(df=df, n_bars=10) components.html(bcr_html.data, width=800, height=600) ```

最终效果大家亲自体验吧:

http://bar-chart-race-app.herokuapp.com/

三连在看,年入百万。下期开讲白嫖服务器+部署,敬请期待。