PHP+Laravel+RabbitMQ實現非同步延遲訊息佇列(庫存歸還)
一、前言
需求:電商秒殺場景中,如果使用者下單10分鐘未支付,需要進行庫存歸還
本篇是用PHP+Laravel+RabbitMQ來實現非同步延遲訊息佇列
二、場景
- 在電商專案中,當我們下單之後,一般需要 20 分鐘之內或者 30 分鐘之內付款,否則訂單就會進入異常處理邏輯中,被取消,那麼進入到異常處理邏輯中,就可以當成是一個延遲佇列
- 公司的會議預定系統,在會議預定成功後,會在會議開始前半小時通知所有預定該會議的使用者
- 安全工單超過 24 小時未處理,則自動拉企業微信群提醒相關責任人
- 使用者下單外賣以後,距離超時時間還有 10 分鐘時提醒外賣小哥即將超時
- ...
很多場景下我們都需要延遲佇列。\ 本文以 RabbitMQ 為例來和大家聊一聊延遲佇列的玩法。
使用 RabbitMQ 的 rabbitmq_delayed_message_exchange 外掛來實現定時任務,這種方案較簡單。
三、安裝RabbitMQ延遲佇列外掛
我這裡直接下載了最新版本,你們根據自己的rabbitmq版本號進行下載
把下載好的檔案移動到rabbitmq的外掛plugins下,以我自己的Mac為例子,放到了如下路徑
然後執行安裝外掛指令,如下
rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_delayed_message_exchange
最後重啟rabbitmq服務,並重新整理檢視exchanges交換機有沒有該外掛
如上圖則延遲訊息佇列外掛安裝完成
四、在Laravel框架中進行使用
新建rabbitmq服務類,包含延遲訊息佇列生產訊息,和消費訊息,如下
核心程式碼如下:
``` <?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers\Service;
use PhpAmqpLib\Connection\AMQPStreamConnection; use PhpAmqpLib\Message\AMQPMessage; use PhpAmqpLib\Wire\AMQPTable;
class RabbitmqServer { private $host = "127.0.0.1"; private $port = 5672; private $user = "guest"; private $password = "guest";
private $msg;
private $channel;
private $connection;
// 過期時間
const TIMEOUT_5_S = 5; // 5s
const TIMEOUT_10_S = 10; // 10s
private $exchange_logs = "logs";
private $exchange_direct = "direct";
private $exchange_delayed = "delayed";
private $queue_delayed = "delayedQueue";
const EXCHANGETYPE_FANOUT = "fanout";
const EXCHANGETYPE_DIRECT = "direct";
const EXCHANGETYPE_DELAYED = "x-delayed-message";
public function __construct($type = false)
{
$this->connection = new AMQPStreamConnection($this->host, $this->port, $this->user, $this->password);
$this->channel = $this->connection->channel();
// 宣告Exchange
$this->channel->exchange_declare($this->exchange_delayed, self::EXCHANGETYPE_DELAYED, false, true, false, false, false, new AMQPTable(["x-delayed-type" => self::EXCHANGETYPE_DIRECT]));
$this->channel->queue_declare($this->queue_delayed, false, true, false, false);
$this->channel->queue_bind($this->queue_delayed, $this->exchange_delayed, $this->queue_delayed);
}
/**
* delay creat message
*/
public function createMessageDelay($msg, $time)
{
$delayConfig = [
'delivery_mode' => AMQPMessage::DELIVERY_MODE_PERSISTENT,
'application_headers' => new AMQPTable(['x-delay' => $time * 1000])
];
$msg = new AMQPMessage($msg, $delayConfig);
return $msg;
}
/**
* delay send message
*/
public function sendDelay($msg, $time = self::TIMEOUT_10_S)
{
$msg = $this->createMessageDelay($msg, $time);;
$this->channel->basic_publish($msg, $this->exchange_delayed, $this->queue_delayed);
$this->channel->close();
$this->connection->close();
}
/**
* delay consum
*/
public function consumDelay()
{
$callback = function ($msg) {
echo ' [x] ', $msg->body, "\n";
$this->channel->basic_ack($msg->delivery_info['delivery_tag'], false);
};
$this->channel->basic_qos(null, 1, null);
$this->channel->basic_consume($this->queue_delayed, '', false, false, false, false, $callback);
echo ' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C', "\n";
while (count($this->channel->callbacks)) {
$this->channel->wait();
}
$this->channel->close();
$this->connection->close();
}
} ```
比如新建QueueController控制器,進行測試生產訊息放到延遲訊息佇列中
程式碼如下:
``` <?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers\Api\v1;
use App\Http\Controllers\Controller; use App\Http\Controllers\Service\RabbitmqServer; use App\Jobs\Queue; use Illuminate\Http\Request;
class QueueController extends Controller { // public function index(Request $request) { //比如說現在是下訂單操作 //需求:如果使用者10分鐘之內不支付訂單就要取消訂單,並且庫存歸還 $msg = $request->post(); $Rabbit = new RabbitmqServer("x-delayed-message"); //第一個引數傳送的訊息,第二個引數延遲多少秒 $Rabbit->sendDelay(json_encode($msg),5); } } ```
至此通過介面除錯工具進行模擬生產訊息即可
訊息生產完畢要進行消費,這裡使用的是Laravel的任務排程,程式碼如下
``` <?php
namespace App\Console\Commands;
use App\Http\Controllers\Service\RabbitmqServer; use Illuminate\Console\Command; use PhpAmqpLib\Connection\AMQPStreamConnection; use PhpAmqpLib\Message\AMQPMessage;
class RabbitmqConsumerCommand extends Command { /* * The name and signature of the console command. * * @var string / protected $signature = 'rabbitmq_consumer';//給消費者起個command名稱
/**
* The console command description.
*
* @var string
*/
protected $description = 'Command description';
/**
* Create a new command instance.
*
* @return void
*/
public function __construct()
{
parent::__construct();
}
/**
* Execute the console command.
* @return int
*/
public function handle()
{
$Rabbit = new RabbitmqServer("x-delayed-message");
$Rabbit->consumDelay();
}
} ```
五、執行生產訊息和消費訊息
用postman模擬生產訊息,效果如下:
然後消費訊息,用一下命令,如果延遲5秒執行消費則成功
至此,就完成了rabbitmq非同步延遲訊息佇列